1.    Introduction
As technology advances and becomes more accessible to the general public, it becomes easier to implement biomechanical technology in sports. Biomechanical technology has many current and potential points of application that benefit injury prevention, technique improvement, rule enforcement, performance optimization, overall health and condition analysis, exercise timing, and product development and testing. The extent to which a given injury of a specific severity affects an athlete's ability to perform a sport-related task is a question that needs to be addressed through large-scale studies, and wearable systems provide a practical solution to achieve this goal. Additionally, the wide variety of disorders among athletes also influences the design of sports equipment. In modern competitive sports, equipment plays a central role, as technological advancements in manufacturing have provided tools and materials to enhance ergonomics and performance. Previous reviews of wearable technology applications in sports did not specifically focus on athletes and provided more general insights. However, the literature highlights the benefits and potential of wearable sensors to support athletes at all sports levels and in various application fields. Therefore, this review aims to provide information to future researchers, athletes, and coaches to promote evidence-based practice by exploring the literature on using wearable sensors in sports for individuals.
2.    Methods
A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and PubMed databases until May 2020. Wearable sensors encompass accelerometers, gyroscopes, IMUs, electromyography, as well as devices for measuring heart rate and oxygen consumption. In the sports category, sports activities are classified, including the 28 Paralympic sports approved by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC, https://www.paralympic.org/sports - accessed in 2020), along with others – various types of sports that individuals can engage in.
Inertial sensors and electromyography stood out as the most frequently utilized wearable sensors, despite the presence of other sensor types such as GPS, digital goniometers, and heart rate monitors. They are preferred for their ability to measure biomechanical and physiological performance in a more natural environment. To leverage the strengths of the measurement system, EMG and inertial sensors are often combined with motion capture and video analysis, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of muscle activity, body and equipment movement, and joint kinematics. All examined articles featured the use of flexible wearable devices to monitor athletes' physiological and biochemical statuses.
3.    Results
Over the past decade, inertial sensors and wearable sensor devices have gained increasing prevalence in sports. Through a simple search on Scopus using the keywords "sport" and "inertial sensors," 37 articles published from January to May 2020 were identified – a number identical to that found for the years 2004-2009 using the same search terms. Wearable sensors and smart equipment incorporate low-power miniature inertial sensors. Presently, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are primarily employed as inertial sensors due to their portability, small size, light weight, affordability, and low power consumption. These sensors typically comprise an accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. Inertial sensors are employed to measure the athlete's body in static and dynamic modes, encompassing parameters such as location, orientation, posture, and angles between body parts in a stationary state. In a dynamic state, parameters like displacement, trajectory, velocity, linear acceleration, shocks (changes in acceleration), angular velocity, and acceleration may also be necessary. While all kinematic parameters must be deduced from one or more measurements, linear acceleration (measured by the accelerometer), angular momentum (measured by the gyroscope), and orientation (measured by the magnetometer) can all be directly measured. For instance, to calculate an object's speed, its acceleration over time is integrated, and to estimate its rotation angle, its angular velocity is integrated. MEMS sensors can exhibit inaccuracies that impact both measured and derived results.
4.    Conclusion
An athlete can be quantitatively evaluated in their environment using wearable sensors. Most of the evidence supporting the use of wearable sensors in sports is related to performance evaluation. Inertial and electromyography sensors measure upper-body muscle activity as well as linear and rotational acceleration. Further development could be directed towards sport-specific individual applications, such as athlete classification and injury prevention, despite the limited scientific literature on these topics. Defining biomechanical and physiological parameters related to sports performance specific to a certain sport is essential when dealing with athlete classification, preventing future injuries, and investigating their relationship with functional limitations associated with the type and severity of disability.
In addition to reflecting classical aspects of sports biomechanics in non-disabled athletes, wearable applications in performance characterization for training optimization have also investigated how disability affects sports performance in disabled athletes. Although this field of application is still developing, it is of particular interest to coaches, trainers, and athletes, as it provides valuable insights for all the areas mentioned above. Furthermore, the literature demonstrates that wearable equipment is often indispensable for athletes.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
There were no ethical considerations to be considered in this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.
Authors' contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.