1.    Introduction
Wrestling is one of the ancient sports that has two styles: freestyle and Greco-Roman (1). Wrestling is a high-impact field where there is a lot of physical contact, which causes damage (2). This field is considered one of the most popular sports; according to a previous study, the amount of injuries in this field is higher than in other fields (3). The exercises of this field exert a lot of pressure on the athletes, which can lead to fatigue and injuries (4). According to the reported statistics, about 9.30 injuries were reported for every 100 athletes. Also, for every 100 competitions, about 7.88 injuries were reported. In general, slight and minor injuries constituted 84.4% of the total reported injuries (5). Based on previous studies, injuries caused by participation in competitions have been reported as 1.7-1.9 percent (8, 9). In a research study, a serious warning has been issued regarding the weight loss of wrestlers, especially through the reduction of body water due to competing in a lower weight class (10). The most important factors in the occurrence of injuries are the lack of sufficient physical preparation, as well as weight loss and excessive muscle fatigue, which can result in severe tendon strains and muscle injuries (13). There are many severe and dangerous injuries in wrestling, such as fractures, sprains, and sometimes even head and neck injuries, which unfortunately can lead to paralysis or even the loss of the athlete's life (16). Therefore, the aim of this study was to review physiological and biomechanical injuries in the field of wrestling.
2.    Methods
The present study is a library-based systematic review. The search for articles in Persian and Latin languages was conducted from December 2010 to June 2022, spanning across various databases, including WOS, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, and Google Scholar. The study was carried out at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023. To extract articles, the following keywords were utilized: 'wrestlers,' 'sports injuries,' 'rapid weight loss,' 'types of weight loss methods,' and 'injuries in wrestlers.' Inclusion criteria for the study consisted of the following: 1. The use of articles in the field of investigating physiological and biomechanical injuries in wrestlers. 2. Articles where the subjects were exclusively wrestlers. 3. Publication of relevant articles that are as current as possible, although relatively older cited articles were also considered due to the scarcity of research in this field. 4. Availability of the reviewed articles. 5. Exclusion of articles where the subjects had other body abnormalities or a history of surgery. Fifty-five relevant articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a detailed review, 12 high-quality articles closely related to the physiological and biomechanical injuries of wrestlers were analyzed. The validation of articles was assessed using Dunn and Black's questionnaire (31).
3.    Results
Out of the 55 articles that were initially reviewed based on the keyword search method, 12 articles were selected for the final review, according to the inclusion criteria. A noteworthy point in the context of injuries is that the average injury rate was about 34% in the lower area and 33% in the upper area. In the lower part, most of the injuries were reported in the knee and ankle joints, while in the upper part, they were reported in the shoulder, elbow, and waist joints. Physiological damages related to weight loss were mainly associated with dizziness and imbalance, behavioral changes, and muscle cramps.
In Table 2, the quality of the articles was evaluated using Dunn and Black's questionnaire (31). Any discrepancies in the article scoring were resolved by the authors separately. Cases where there were differences of opinion were discussed and resolved through consultation to minimize scoring errors. The average score for the studies examined in this research was 67.20% based on Dunn and Black's questionnaire.