Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 Comparing the Knee Joint Kinematic Parameters During Landing at Different Minutes of Soccer Game 2 13 FA Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo Department of Biomechanics and Correctives Exercise, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Mohseni Master degree in sport injuries and corrective exercise, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Objective: Background The present research aimed to compare landing kinematics parameters at different minutes of a simulated soccer game.  Methods: In total, 15 soccer players from the youth team of Sanay Mes of Kerman with records (2 years) in the Premier League of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Their  mean±SD age and weight were 25.7±2.71 years and 77.30±7.78 kg, respectively. The players followed the Bangsbo's fatigue protocol, i.e.  a simulated soccer game. Then, every 15 minutes, the studied players performed two countermovement jumps, and we compared their landing kinematics parameters accordingly. Performances were recorded with 3 cameras, 120 HTZ (Sony A7S). Information extracted from Kinova and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Results: The obtained results suggested significant differences between the investigated players' knee flexion at landing at minute 0 and minute 60, and other durations (P<0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between dominant leg knee valgus at minutes 0, 60, and 105, and other durations. No differences were detected between the non-dominant leg knee valgus at different minutes of the game. Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that minutes 0, 60, and 105 of a simulated soccer game are dangerous times for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury in landing task. Moreover, the biomechanics of the dominant leg in the landing tasks demonstrate more changes than the non-dominant leg. Furthermore, ACL injury in the dominant leg is more frequent than the non-dominant one.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 Comparing Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Freestyle, Greco-Roman, and Chookheh Style Wrestlers 14 27 FA Ali Roshandel Hesari Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Branch Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Mohsen Tavakoli Department of Sport Mangment, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Branch Bojnourd, Bojnourd, Iran. Objective: The musculoskeletal abnormalities are characterized as any tissue damage of the musculoskeletal system and nerves, which disrupts the function of the limb. Thus, the current study aimed to compare the musculoskeletal abnormalities of the upper trunk between freestyle, Greco-Roman, and Chokheh wrestlers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 15 freestyle wrestlers, 15 Greco-Roman wrestlers, and 15 Chokheh wrestlers in north Khorasan Province, Iran, in 2019. The study subjects were purposively selected from an available community. Kyphosis and lordosis angles evaluation was performed using a flexible ruler. The forward head and forward shoulders performance from side view were evaluated with digital cameras, and angles were analyzed by AutoCAD software. For data analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Shafa's posthoc test. Results: According to the achieved results, in all musculoskeletal abnormalities of the upper trunk, except for the lumbar lordosis, freestyle wrestlers had a higher frequency of abnormalities, compared to the Greco-Roman and Chokheh wrestlers (P<0.05). Furthermore, lumbar lordosis was higher in Greco-Roman wrestlers compared to the freestyle and Chokheh wrestlers (P<0.05). Conclusion: The obtained data indicated that abnormalities in the head, shoulders, and spine areas could be affected by the type of sport. Maintaining an inappropriate posture for a long time also impacts the development of musculoskeletal abnormalities.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 The Effect of an 8-Week Selected Theraband Training on Balance and Motor Performance in Young Wrestlers 28 37 FA Milad Sadeghi Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfehan, Iran. Reza Mahdavi Nejad Department of Sport Injuries & Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Esfehan University, Esfehan, Iran. Objective: Due to the recurrent and relatively high frequency of injuries in wrestling, identifying preventing strategies for such damages is of significant importance. The present study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of selected Thera-band exercises on the balance and functional movement of adolescent wrestlers.  Methods: The study subjects included 30 athlete male wrestlers form Baft City, Iran, who were selected randomly and divided into two groups of exercise (age: 17.27 y, height: 1.72 m, weight: 71.53 kg, & body mass index: 24.01 kg/m2) and control (age: 17.07 y, height: 1.74 m, weight: 72.46 kg, and body mass index: 23.88 kg/m2). A questionnaire was used to collect the study samples' demographic information and the history of sports. Moreover, to measure static and dynamic balance and functional movement, the stork test, Y balance test, and functional movement screen test were used, respectively. Independent Samples t-test, Paired Samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the mean score differences at P<0.05. Results: The present study results suggested a significant difference in the static balance (P<0.001) and the total dynamic balance (P<0.001) between the two study groups.  Conclusion:  The collected data revealed that running a low-cost program could effectively improve balance and performance in the study samples. Furthermore, sports athletes, professional wrestlers, and freestyle wrestlers could use Thera-band training to enhance the motor pattern; such a measure could help to reduce the severity of damage and improve their movement patterns.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 Patterns of Muscle Activity Measurement in Male Students With Forward Head Posture Compared to Healthy Peers During Running 38 49 FA Amirali Jafarnezhadgero Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Saeideh HeshmatiZadeh Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Somaye Salahi-Movasagh Master of Science Student of Sport Injuries, Department of Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabaii, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Saki Assistant Professor of of Sport Injuries, Department of Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscular activity timing during running in male children with forward head posture compared to healthy control ones.  Methods 12 healthy male children with forward head posture (age: 11.7±1.4 years; height: 149.7±6.2 cm; Mass: 38.0±4.7 kg) and 16 healthy male children (age: 11.8±1.5 years; height: 148.2±6.6 cm; mass: 39.6±0.4 kg) were volunteered to participate in this study. The timing of muscular activity for erector spinae (cervical region), sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, upper and lower trapezius muscles of both right and left sides were evaluated during barefoot running. Muscular activity was recorded with a 16-chanels electromyography system. Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis.  Results Finding did not demonstrate any significant differences in onset and offset of muscular activity during walking between both groups (P>0.05). The time duration of right erector spinae muscle in the healthy group was greater than that forward head group about 41 ms (P=0.024). Also, the time duration of left sternocleidomasteoid in the healthy group was longer than that in the forward head group by 64 ms (P=0.037).  Conclusion In sum, these results could be used in rehabilitation protocols for children with forward head posture in clinical settings.  

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 Postural Control Status in Relation to Anthropometric and Postural Indices of Active People 50 61 FA Parisa Sedaghati Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Hamid Zolghadr Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Hasan Daneshmandi Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the postural control and its relation to some anthropometric and balance indices in active male college students.  Methods The study population consisted of all active students (mean age: 21.15±2.02 years; mean height:1.78±0.07cm; mean weight: 71.50±10.15 kg; body mass index: 22.45±2.53 kg/m2) at University of Guilan  in the academic year 2018-2019. Of these, 40 male students in physical education were selected randomly. The anthropometric and balance indices were chest width, chest depth, chest circumference, forward head, round shoulder, kyphosis and lordosis. For postural control  assessment, single-leg stance test was used in four different position. Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between variables.  Results There was a significant relationship between the forward head and first condition (r=+0.633) and between the chest depth and third condition (r=-0.409), fourth condition (r=-0.372), total condition (r= -0.428), and between the chest circumference and third condition (r=-0.354). Kyphosis, lordosis, round shoulder, and chest width had no significant relationship with the postural control.  Conclusion There was a significant but weak relationship between postural control and some anthropometric and balance indices. Hence, it seems that anthropometric and balance indicators alone cannot affect the postural control of active and healthy male college students. 

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 5 1 2019 6 1 The Relationship Between Core Stability, Muscular Endurance, and Static Balance, and Shooting Function in Military Soldiers 62 71 FA Saied Nourizadeh Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran. Mona Mirjani Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Hamidreza Naserpour Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between Core stability muscle’s endurance and static balance with shooting performance of military soldiers. Methods: One hundred participants of the military training course (age 23.92±1.66 years and weight 73.96±12.77 kg) participated in this study. The shooting test was performed by the subjects and divided them into two groups with high and lower shooting scores of 60. Endurance of core stability muscle and static balance measured by core stability exercise and stork test, respectively. Pearson's correlation test and independent-T test were used to analyze data with significant level of 0.05. Results: Test results showed a significant correlation between shooting scores and core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.661), shooting scores and static balance (P=0.000, R= 0.684), and static balance with core stability muscle endurance (P=0.000, R= 0.718). The independent t-test also showed a significant difference in the core stability muscle endurance and static balance of subjects in two groups (P=0.000). Conclusion: Endurance of core stabilator muscles enhance the balance, and these two factors improve shooting performance. Therefore, it is recommended that these exercises be included in the shooters' physical fitness program.