Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 Investigation of Knee Arthrokinematic Changes Before and After Reconstruction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Systematic Review 66 85 FA Ali Asghar Norasteh Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mostafa Payandeh Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Zaher Mohammad Ashour Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigation the arthrokinematic changes of the knee before and after the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and also to examine these changes after a period of rehabilitation exercises. Methods: In this systematic review study search was conducted in online databases of, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and MEDLINE from 1970 to 2020 . And keywords related to the topic were used to search for articles. Results: According to the search method, 127 articles were found that considering the inclusion criteria, 20 articles (20 English and 0 Persian) were selected. The results showed that the anterior glide in the injured knee increased significantly compared to the healthy knee. However, this arthrokinematic change was more observed in the medial epicondyle than in the lateral epicondyle. Also, among the articles, it is agreed that the highest arthrokinematic difference observed in injured persons compared to healthy individuals occurred between 15 degrees of flexion and complete extension of the knee. And Finally, the findings showed that the arthrokinematics of the knee after reconstruction, were more similar with before the reconstruction it up to a healthy knee. And also the arthrokinematic movements of the reconstructed ligament, even after a rehabilitation period, were more similar to the un reconstructed knee than to the healthy knee. Conclusion: According to the results of previous articles and being more obvious change of anterior glide, medial glide and to some extent external rotation in persons with anterior cruciate ligament rupture as well as no difference arthrokinematic knee before and after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, it seems important that rehabilitation programs and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques be planned in order to correct or prevent arthrokinematic changes are mentioned.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 Investigation of Static and Dynamic Balance in School Basketball Players with a History of Ankle Injury 86 97 FA Ali Roshandel Hesari Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Branch Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Amin Roshandel Hesari Department of Sport Physiology Practical, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the static and dynamic balance in basketball students with an ankle injury history. Methods: Subjects of this study were 36 elementary school basketball male students who participated in this study purposefully and voluntarily. Subjects were divided into two groups of 18 people with an ankle injury and the control group without ankle injury. To measure the static balance from the stork test and the dynamic balance from the star test was used. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Shapiro-Wilk test and independent t-test) were used to analyze the results. Results: There was a significant difference between the static balance of basketball students and the control group (P=0.001), but no significant difference was found between basketball students' dynamic balance with ankle injuries and the control group (P=0.0887). Conclusion: Based on research results, it can be concluded that lower limb injuries, especially ankle injuries they can influence postural control and static balance of basketball students and caused some functional disability. Also recommended coaches during the sports era of basketball players to design specific exercises to strengthen ankle muscles and ligaments and use static balance exercises not to witness this type of injury.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 The Effect of a Period of Kinesiotherapy and Reflexology on Pain Intensity and Range of Motion in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis 98 109 FA Fatemeh Kiani Dooghabadi Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Human Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran. Nahid Khoshraftar Yazdi Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Pathology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Hossein Farzaneh Department of Sports Science, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of therapeutic exercise and reflexology on pain intensity and range of motion in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 45 elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15: therapeutic exercise, reflexology and control. The therapeutic exercise and reflexology group practiced therapy and reflexology for 4 weeks and 5 sessions per week. The control group also performed their daily activities. To assess the intensity of pain and the range of motion of the subject's knee, the visual pain scale VAS and goniometer were used in pre-test and post-test, respectively. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Post Hoc test. Results: The results showed that both types of therapeutic exercise protocol and reflexology have positive and significant effects on reducing pain intensity and increasing range of motion of the knee joint of the subjects (P≤0.05), and the therapeutic exercise protocol compared to the protocol. Reflexology had more significant effects on the rate of increase in range of motion (P=0.001; P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the results, the use of both protocols of therapeutic exercise and reflexology is recommended to reduce the severity of pain and increase the range of motion of elderly women with osteoarthritis of the knee. Simultaneous use of these two protocols for treatment and greater effectiveness in this group of patients is recommended

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 Comparison the Effect of Eight Weeks Pyramid Resistance Training With two Patterns on Bio-motor Ability and Anthropometrical in Wrestlers 110 121 FA Ghadir Ali Omidbakhsh Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran. Mehrdad Fathi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Keyvan Hejazi Department of Exercises Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran. Objective: Wrestling is a fast-paced activity in which resistance training is essential to improve athlete performance. We evaluated the effect of comparison of the effect of eight weeks resistance training with two patterns of pyramidal and inverse pyramidal on bio-motor ability, Anthropometrical and skill profile of freestyle wrestlers. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 24 male freestyle wrestlers were randomly assigned into two groups [pyramidal (n=12) and inverse pyramidal endurance (n=12)]. The pyramidal and inverse pyramidal resistance training included (8 weeks, 3 times per a week, 60 minutes per session). Bio-motor ability, Anthropometrical and skill profile were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Paired and independent sample t-test were used to compare within and between-group means and the results were tested at the significant level P<0.05. Results: Training lead to changes on weight, body mass index, body fat percent, maximum power into pyramidal and inverse pyramidal groups (P<0.05). Anaerobic power, explosive power, muscular endurance increased significantly in both pyramidal and inverse pyramidal patterns. There were significant differences in the between-group mean changes in the variables of weight, body mass index and muscular endurance between the two experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercises with pyramidal and inverse pyramidal patterns led to significant weight loss, body mass index, body fat percentage, and improvement of skill profile and biometric indicators. Therefore, using both types of training may have a positive effect on wrestlers' performance indicators.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 Effect and Durability of Eight-Week of Core Stability Training on Body Balance and Force of Direct Foot Kick in Young Men Jeet Kune Do (Wushu) Players With Somatotype Emphasis 122 133 FA Majid Soltani Shirazi Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Heydar Sadeghi Department of Sport Biomechanics and Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Objective: Since direct foot kick is one of the most important strikes in Jeet Kune Do, its effectiveness depends on both the force of the hit and balance control during and after the hit execution, this study undertaken to examine the effect and persistence of eight-week of core stability training on balance and force of a direct foot kick of elite young male Jeet Kune Do (Wushu) athletes. Methods: 24 elite young Jeet Kune Do athletes were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control groups. The experimental group performed the core stability training program for eight consecutive weeks. Static (stork test), dynamic test (tandem test) and force of a direct foot kick of the athletes in both groups were measured in three stages including before, after (eight weeks of core stability training) and a 4-week follow-up detraining period. Results: The results showed that core stability training had a significant and persistent effect on static and dynamic balance. However, the training program had no significant effect on the force production of a direct foot kick after a 4-week of detraining period. Conclusion: It seems that the core stability training program improves the neuromuscular system function by strengthening the muscles of the core area. This in turn prevents the dislocation of the center of gravity outside the base of support and decreases its oscillation (displacement), therefore, as a result of persistence effect of the program, balance ability and direct kicking power improves.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 6 2 2020 8 1 Comparison of Functional Balance and Probability of Falling in the Elderly with and Without a History of Falling Living in Care Centers 134 143 FA Seyyed Mojtaba Tabatabaiasl Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Parisa Sedaghati Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Fariba Javazi Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare functional balance and probability of fall in elderly with or without history of fall in care centers. Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of 30 elderly men and women over 60 years of two elderly nursing centers in rasht. These specimens were selected according to the inclusion criteria and exit criteria. The age range was between 60 and 74 years. Individuals (15 people)were divided into two groups of aged persons (15 persons) and with a history of land (15 people). People who had no history of eating during the last six months have been knocked down in the group without a history of land eating and people who had tripped once or more in the last six months. the evaluation of the balance and the possibility of seniors fall with tests (leaves and time of rise and departure) were carried out. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. from the shayper-vink test to be natural for data distribution, descriptive statistics were used in the form of statistics such as mean, standard deviation, median, change range and direction of data describing and in the deductive statistics section with respect to comparing the variables from independent t-test. Results: Normality test results confirmed normality of data in the variables of performance equilibrium and probability of fall there was a significant difference between functional balance index in the elderly with a history of fall or without the history of fall. there was a meaningful difference between fall risk index in the elderly with a history of fall or without the history of fall. Conclusion: according to the results of this study, individuals with no history of fall in performance balance indices and probability of fall were better than those with history of fall.