Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 A Review of Physiological and Biomechanical Injuries in Wrestling 90 111 FA Amir Hossein Hormati Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Ebrahim Piri Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Objective Wrestling is one of the sports that have a high percentage of injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review physiological and biomechanical injuries in the field of wrestling. Methods The present study was a library-based and systematic review. The search for articles in Persian and Latin was conducted from 2010 to 2022. This search was performed across different databases, including WOS, SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, and Google Scholar. Fifty-five relevant articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 12 articles related to the review of physiological and biomechanical injuries in the field of wrestling were analyzed. Results The findings showed that the average injuries in the lower area were about 34%, and in the upper area, it was 33%. In the lower part, most of the injuries were reported in the knee and ankle joints, and in the upper part, they were reported in the shoulder, elbow, and waist joints. Conclusion It seems that excessive weight loss, along with non-observance of the principles of warming up and cooling down in the field of wrestling, is of great importance in the occurrence of injuries in this field.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 The Effects of TRX-Based Movement Pattern Correction Exercises on the Landing Biomechanics and Balance of Female Volleyball Players Susceptible to Knee Injuries 112 127 FA Mohammad Kalantariyan Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. Niloufar Rahmani Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Samadi Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. Objective Movement pattern correction exercises using TRX are a novel approach that has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of movement pattern correction exercises using TRX on the landing biomechanics and balance of female volleyball players prone to knee injuries. Methods Twenty female volleyball players prone to knee injuries were selected based on specific criteria and split into two groups: one practiced TRX-based movement correction exercises, while the other served as the control. Initial assessments included anthropometric measurements, static/dynamic balance, and landing biomechanics using various tests. The training group underwent exercises three times a week for six weeks, while the control refrained from impactful sports activities. All participants continued their volleyball routines. Post-training, the same assessments were conducted, and statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance to evaluate the results. Results The paired t-test results showed that the static and dynamic balance and landing mechanics of the subjects in the experimental group improved significantly in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the investigated variables in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the results of the analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in the scores of the balance and landing error variables between the two groups in the post-test phase (p < 0.05).. Conclusion Improving balance and increasing a person's ability to control the movements of the trunk and knee joint during landing can probably occur due to the improvement in the performance of the core stabilizer muscles of the body. Therefore, the use of movement pattern correction exercises using TRX can be considered an effective approach to prevent knee injuries in susceptible female volleyball players.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Corrective Exercise Methods (NASM) and Corrective Games on Genu Varum in Boys Aged 10-12 128 138 FA Amir Ghiami Rad Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Ali Fattahi Turki Department of Human Sciences, Shams Institute of Science and Technology, Tabriz, Iran. Behnam Shahbazi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. Objective Genu varus malformation is one of the most common issues affecting children's fundamental motor skills. The aim of this research is to compare the effects of two methods—common corrective exercises and corrective games—on the knee braces of 10-12-year-old boys. Methods The research followed an experimental design with pre-test and post-test methodology. The study's statistical population comprised 10-12-year-old students in Tabriz city. Assessment of the target population's abnormalities was conducted using a flexible ruler (pre-test). The population was divided into three groups of 12 individuals each (control, corrective exercises, and corrective games). Corrective exercises and games were administered for four weeks and 3 days, while the control group remained inactive during this period. After implementing the corrective interventions, the braced knees were re-evaluated (post-test). To test the research hypotheses, analysis of covariance statistical tests and Bonferroni post hoc tests were utilized for comparing the results at a significance level of (P<0.05). Results A significant difference was observed between the groups undergoing common corrective exercises and corrective games (P=0.004). Similarly, a significant difference was found between the corrective games group and the control group (P=0.000). However, no significant difference was noted between the group undergoing common corrective exercises and the control group. Conclusion Functional corrective exercises and corrective games are recommended as integral components of motor rehabilitation programs to ameliorate knee brace deformities in boys.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 Comparison of the Effects of Core Stability and Trampoline Exercises on Static and Dynamic Balance, and Ankle Proprioception in Female Volleyball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability 140 154 FA Fatemeh Bahrami Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran. Mahdi Sabbagh Langeroudi Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran. Objective This study sought to compare the impact of core stability and trampoline training on the static and dynamic balance, along with proprioception, among female volleyball players dealing with chronic ankle instability. Methods TThirty-six female volleyball players experiencing chronic ankle instability were purposefully chosen and randomly split into three groups: core stability training, trampoline training, and a control group. Static and dynamic balance were assessed using the stork and Y balance tests, while proprioception was evaluated utilizing a goniometer. Following the pre-test evaluations, the core stability and trampoline training groups underwent a 6-week exercise regimen. Post this training period, further evaluations were conducted. The ANCOVA test, LSD, and paired t-tests were employed for inter-group comparisons and intra-group assessments. Results Findings suggest that both training programs significantly impacted static balance (p≤0.01), dynamic balance (p≤0.01), and ankle proprioception in dorsiflexion (p≤0.01) and plantar flexion (p≤0.01) positions. Notably, a notable difference was observed between the effects of the two training programs on posterior-medial orientation, total dynamic balance score, and proprioception in plantar flexion. However, the trampoline training program demonstrated a greater effect than the core stability program. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between the two training groups in static balance, anterior and posterior-lateral dynamic balance, and proprioception in dorsiflexion (p>0.05). Furthermore, both training groups exhibited significant differences in the researched variables when compared to the control group (p≤0.01). Conclusion Overall, the results illustrate that incorporating core stability exercises and trampoline training enhanced static and dynamic balance, as well as deep ankle sensation, among athletes dealing with chronic ankle instability.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 Effectiveness of Proprioceptive and Paaryaad Exercises on Motor Coordination, Balance, and Executive Functions in Girls with ACL Injury 156 170 FA Hatameh Hajivand Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan Branch). Isfahan. Iran. Mojtaba Babaei Khorzoughi Center of Physical Education, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of proprioceptive exercises and paaryaad exercises on motor coordination, balance, and executive functions among teenage karate girls practicing non-control styles with ACL injury. Methods TThis study adopted a semi-experimental applied design with a pre-test-post-test model. Two experimental groups and one control group were established, with 10 individuals randomly assigned to each group. Executive functions were assessed using the Stroop test, working memory, and continuous performance measures, while the Broninx-Ozertsky motor proficiency test evaluated balance and motor coordination. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and covariance analysis. Results The research findings indicated that proprioceptive exercises significantly affected motor coordination (P≤0.05), balance (P=0.009), and executive functions (P=0.001), while paaryaad exercises influenced motor coordination (P=0.001), balance (P=0.002), and executive functions (P=0.015) among teenage karate girls practicing non-control styles with ACL injuries. The greatest impact was observed in the motor coordination of teenage karate practitioners following non-control styles with ACL injury by proprioceptive and paaryaad exercises. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that proprioception and paaryaad exercises effectively enhance motor coordination, balance, and performance functions.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 9 2 2023 9 1 How to Write a Letter to the Editor? 172 176 FA Ebrahim Piri Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. A Letter to the Editor (LTE) is a brief communication to a journal’s editor or editorial team. It is usually written in response to a recent publication within the journal but can also cover an unrelated topic of interest to the journal’s readership. Many journals welcome LTEs within a dedicated section (e.g. LTEs/Correspondence) to stimulate intellectual discussions between readers and authors. LTEs may be handled by a dedicated ‘LTE’ team. Therefore, in this article, our aim is to provide practical tips on writing a successful LTE.