Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 3 1 2017 6 1 Prioritizing Anthropometric, Biomechanical and Physiological Characteristics of the Elite Boys in 200m Backstroke Swimming for Identification of their Talents and Prediction of their Performance 5 15 FA Ameneh PourrahimGhouroghchi Department of physical education and sport sciences, Faculty of educational sciences and psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Mehdi Pahlevani Objective: Talent identification reduces stint to achieve better sports performances by elite athletes and enables application of scientific training. The purpose of this study was prioritizing the anthropometric, biomechanical and physiological characteristics of the elite boys in 200m Backstroke swimming for identifying their talents and predicting their performances. Methods: 34 elite young swimmers, age11-12 years, who had ranked top in the championships in their province signed the letter consent and a questionnaire tapping into their biographical data. Three subject, due to lack of cooperation on the measurement of parameters and 4 subject, due to measurement errors, missed in the study. The anthropometrical, biomechanical and physiological parameters from 27 subjects were measured by Rydkv questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Friedman test. Results: The most important anthropometrical parameters were subscapularis fat (8.32 mm), triceps fat (8.93 mm) and supraspinatus fat (9.15 mm); the most important range of motions parameters were elbow hyperextension (3.59 degree), ankle dorsi flexion (6.50 degree) and hip hyperextension (40.65 degree); and the most important physiological parameters were action and reaction velocity (20.76 cm), left hand strength (23.56 kg) and right hand strength (23.78 kg) and flexibility (27.41 cm) in 200m Backstroke swimming. Conclusion: Anthropometrical, biomechanical and physiological parameters for identifying talents and predicting the performance of the elite swimmers in 200m Backstroke should be considered by authorities, practitioners and educators.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 3 1 2017 6 1 The Interaction between Visual and Proprioception Information for Dynamic Postural Control in Healthy Individuals 17 24 FA yasin hoseini Nader Farahpour 1- Department of sport biomechanics, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. Objectives: Poor dynamic balance may expose an individual to the risk of falling. The role of proprioception systems have been well addressed in the literature; however, majority of previous studies have been conducted in static conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamic postural control of healthy individuals during perturbation on their base of support in eyes opened and closed conditions. Methods: Forteen healthy men participated in this study. To measure dynamic postural ability, the subjects stood on a four weel cart. Then using the force of a load equal to 10% of the subject’s body mass, the cart was moved forward. A motion analysis system with Falcon cameras (240Hz) was used to quantify the kinematic variables of the head, trunk, hip, knee and ankle joints during the test. Tests were repeated while the eyes were closed. For statistical analysis repeated measure analysis of variance was used with p<0.05. Results: The range of motion in head, trunk, hip, knee and ankle joints were 23.17º±1.8, 21.56º±3.51, 22.15 º ±2.16, 32.72º±3.29 and 19.93 º±2.18 respectively. The results showed that closing eyes would result in the reduction of the range of motion in various joints. Conclusion: the posture is controled mostly by the motion in the knee joint rather than the hip or ankle joints. It is recommended to enhance the knee extensors to prevent falling in people with high risk of postural instability.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 3 1 2017 6 1 Assessment of Range of Motion and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Parkinson Patients and Normal Elderly Subject (a case study) 25 36 FA Keyvan Sharifmoradi Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kashan. Kahshan, Iran. Nader Farahpour Objective: Parkinson Disease (PD) is a progressive deficit of central nervous system. This disease can affect gait performance. The objective of this study was to assessment the range of motion and muscle activity of lower limbs in a PD patient and a normal elderly subject.   Methods: one patient with PD (height=173 cm, weight=63 kg, age 53 years) and one normal elderly subject (height=172cm, weight=70kg, age 51years) participated in this study. VICON motion analysis system was used to measure kinematic variables. Moreover, MA300-16 was used to measure EMG activity of lower limbs muscles. Data were evaluated using Independent t-test with significant point set at p < 0.05.   Results: The duration of mid stance and terminal swing phase of PD patient was greater than that in the normal elderly subject in right limb 20.3% and 11.6 % and in the left limb 19.4% and 2.3% respectively. The intensity and duration of muscle activity of tibialis anterior, vastusmedius and biceps femoris was significantly increased in the PD patient compared to the normal elderly.   Conclusion: The timing percent of gait cycle phases changes in PD patients. The intensity of muscle activity increases in PD patients which means that PD patients’ muscles are weaker, thus strengthening of ankle plantar-flexor, knee and hip extensor must be considered in rehabilitation programs.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 3 1 2017 6 1 The Comparison of Vertical Ground Reaction Force during Forward and Backward Walking among Professional Male Karatekas with Genu Varum and Normal Knees 37 46 FA Heydar Sadeghi Siavash Shirvanipour Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Raghad Mimar Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare vertical ground reaction force during forward and backward walking among the male professional Karatekas with genu varum and normal knee. Methods: 20 professional male Karates (in genu varum and normal groups) participated in this semi-experimental study. The vertical ground reaction force was measured using force plate system during forward and backward walking utilizing 250 Hz frequency. Mixed ANOVA test was run to analyze the obtained data. Results: The first force peak was significantly higher during backward walking (p=0.00) than forward walking (p=0.03). The second force peak was significantly lower in non-dominant limb during backward walking than forward walking (p=0.01). The first force peak in dominant limb during backward walking and in non-dominant limb during forward walking were significantly higher in normal group [(p=0.00), (p=0.06)]. Also, depth force during forward walking was significantly more in the normal group ((p=0.01), (p=0.01)). While, the second force peak in dominant limb during backward-forward-walking was significantly more in genu varum group [(p=0.04), (p=0.05)]. Conclusion: Based on the results of present study, genu varum can be considered as an effective factor on vertical ground reaction force (as predictor factor of musculoskeletal injuries among the Karate professionals, and backward walking can cause a change in vertical ground reaction force more than forward walking does.

Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2476-4906 3 1 2017 6 1 The Effect of Eight Weeks of Strength Training on Selected Biomechanical Properties of Femur in Old Male Rats 47 54 FA Sima Mohammad Amoli Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Heydar Sadeghi objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of strength training on some chosen biomechanical properties of femur of old male rats.  Methods: In this experimental research sixteen old male Wistar rats around Twenty months old were assigned to sedentary control group (n=8) and strength training group (n=8). Strength training group climbed from a ladder for 8 weeks, 4 times per week. Forty eight hours after last session of exercise training, animals were anesthetized and femur bones were removed. Three – point bending test was used to determine bone biomechanical properties. The data was analyzed by independent samples t test (p≥0.05).  Results: The results showed that such training would not significantly affect on bone stiffness, fracture energy and maximal load (p>0.05). Conclusion: A possible explanation for this lack of effect can be intensity, type and time of training or the age at which such training states.