Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2026)
J Sport Biomech 2026, 11(4): 466-484 |
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Mohammad Zaheri R, Majlesi M, Fatahi A. Impact of Lower-Limb Fatigue on Kinetic Risk Factors for ACL Injury During Post-Spike Landings in Volleyball Athletes. J Sport Biomech 2026; 11 (4) :466-484
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.html
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.html
1- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (26 Views)
Objective Limited evidence exists regarding biomechanical asymmetries between dominant and non-dominant limbs following fatigue in double-leg landings. The present study investigated potential risk factors for ACL injury during post-spike landings in elite volleyball athletes.
Methods This study used a cross-sectional experimental design with twenty-eight elite male volleyball players. Fatigue was induced using the Bosco squat jump test, and spike landings were assessed pre- and post-fatigue. Three-dimensional kinematics (200 Hz, Vicon system) and ground reaction forces (1000 Hz, Kistler plates) were collected, and hip, knee, and ankle joint moments were calculated. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: fatigue × limb dominance, p < 0.05).
Results The results demonstrated a significant decrease in vertical jump height among volleyball players after experiencing fatigue (p = 0.000). Additionally, fatigue led to a substantial reduction in joint moment across all joints (p < 0.05). The findings revealed an asymmetry in moment values between the dominant and non-dominant legs, with the dominant leg exhibiting a greater moment in the frontal plane and a lower moment in the sagittal plane compared to the non-dominant leg (p < 0.05).
Conclusion According to the results, fatigue led to a decrease in jump height and consequently reduced moment in most joints during landing. Additionally, regardless of fatigue, the difference between the dominant and non-dominant legs was significant in most cases, indicating a higher risk of ACL injury in the dominant leg. Therefore, asymmetry in kinetic variables between the two legs may be a more critical factor in ACL injury risk.
Methods This study used a cross-sectional experimental design with twenty-eight elite male volleyball players. Fatigue was induced using the Bosco squat jump test, and spike landings were assessed pre- and post-fatigue. Three-dimensional kinematics (200 Hz, Vicon system) and ground reaction forces (1000 Hz, Kistler plates) were collected, and hip, knee, and ankle joint moments were calculated. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: fatigue × limb dominance, p < 0.05).
Results The results demonstrated a significant decrease in vertical jump height among volleyball players after experiencing fatigue (p = 0.000). Additionally, fatigue led to a substantial reduction in joint moment across all joints (p < 0.05). The findings revealed an asymmetry in moment values between the dominant and non-dominant legs, with the dominant leg exhibiting a greater moment in the frontal plane and a lower moment in the sagittal plane compared to the non-dominant leg (p < 0.05).
Conclusion According to the results, fatigue led to a decrease in jump height and consequently reduced moment in most joints during landing. Additionally, regardless of fatigue, the difference between the dominant and non-dominant legs was significant in most cases, indicating a higher risk of ACL injury in the dominant leg. Therefore, asymmetry in kinetic variables between the two legs may be a more critical factor in ACL injury risk.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2025/07/14 | Accepted: 2025/10/7 | Published: 2025/10/7
Received: 2025/07/14 | Accepted: 2025/10/7 | Published: 2025/10/7
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