Volume 8, Issue 2 (9-2022)
J Sport Biomech 2022, 8(2): 168-184 |
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Bakshian S, Aghdasi M T. Comparison of the Effect and Sustainability of 8 Weeks of Corrective Exercises Based on the NASM Approach and the Sahrman Approach on Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain in Mobile Phone Users in Young Men of Tabriz. J Sport Biomech 2022; 8 (2) :168-184
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.html
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.html
1- Department of Sports Pathology and Corrective Movements, Nonprofit Shams Institute of Science and Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
2- Department of Motor Behavior, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
2- Department of Motor Behavior, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Extended Abstract
1. Introduction
Foreward head posture causes complications such as stretching of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the upper cervical region and the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region, compression of the subcranial nerves, instability of the vertebrae in the middle part of the neck, pain and fatigue and increased muscle tension, disc damage to the cause of increased flexion in the lower cervical and upper thoracic regions is the decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs, the limitation of the range of motion of the brachial-thoracic joint and disorders of the temporomandibular joint (1, 2). Impaired posture control, breathing problems, headaches of neck origin, increased pressure on blood vessels, decreased vertebral blood flow to the brain and brain stem, and decreased respiratory capacity are other complications of foreword head posture (3, 4); Therefore, to avoid these complications, we should seek to correct this common posture in long-term mobile phone users. No study has investigated the effect of Sahrman exercises on forward head angle. Considering that the nature of the two training programs is different from each other, the purpose of this study is to compare the two types of exercise, NASM and Sahrman to see which type is effective and provides more improvement in the correction of forward head deformity. In addition, we had a 3-month follow-up period to determine which type of exercises had the most lasting effect and was more useful. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises based on the NASM and the Sahrman approaches on forward head posture and neck pain in young men mobile phone users in Tabriz city.
2. Methods
The present quasi-experimental research is an intervention research. The research design is pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of long-term users of mobile phones, men aged 20 to 35 years in Tabriz city. 36 people in the age range of 20 to 35 years were selected in a targeted non-random way with a forward head angle above 46 degrees. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (12 people in each). Before participating in the study, all subjects completed the consent form. According to other studies, having a forward head deformity greater than 46 degrees, the age range of 20 to 35 years, as well as the written consent of the subjects for voluntary participation, were the conditions for entering the research. According to other studies, exclusion criteria include history of any previous injury in the shoulder and neck, having pain in the shoulder girdle and back, having surgery in the spine and neck, history of injury or trauma to the neck area, observing pathological symptoms related to the fractures history, joint diseases of the spine, having regular weekly sports activities, championship history and membership in sports teams, as well as not completing the training program. After identifying the participants, the examiner explained the purpose of the study, the way of doing exercises, and he purpose of doing the corrective exercises to them.
3. Results
According to the results of table 1, Bonferroni's post hoc test shows a significant difference in forward head angle and pain intensity between the groups of the NASM-control approach and the Sahrman-control approach in the post-test; While the NASM approach - Sahrman approach does not show a significant difference between the groups.
1. Introduction
Foreward head posture causes complications such as stretching of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the upper cervical region and the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region, compression of the subcranial nerves, instability of the vertebrae in the middle part of the neck, pain and fatigue and increased muscle tension, disc damage to the cause of increased flexion in the lower cervical and upper thoracic regions is the decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs, the limitation of the range of motion of the brachial-thoracic joint and disorders of the temporomandibular joint (1, 2). Impaired posture control, breathing problems, headaches of neck origin, increased pressure on blood vessels, decreased vertebral blood flow to the brain and brain stem, and decreased respiratory capacity are other complications of foreword head posture (3, 4); Therefore, to avoid these complications, we should seek to correct this common posture in long-term mobile phone users. No study has investigated the effect of Sahrman exercises on forward head angle. Considering that the nature of the two training programs is different from each other, the purpose of this study is to compare the two types of exercise, NASM and Sahrman to see which type is effective and provides more improvement in the correction of forward head deformity. In addition, we had a 3-month follow-up period to determine which type of exercises had the most lasting effect and was more useful. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises based on the NASM and the Sahrman approaches on forward head posture and neck pain in young men mobile phone users in Tabriz city.
2. Methods
The present quasi-experimental research is an intervention research. The research design is pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of long-term users of mobile phones, men aged 20 to 35 years in Tabriz city. 36 people in the age range of 20 to 35 years were selected in a targeted non-random way with a forward head angle above 46 degrees. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (12 people in each). Before participating in the study, all subjects completed the consent form. According to other studies, having a forward head deformity greater than 46 degrees, the age range of 20 to 35 years, as well as the written consent of the subjects for voluntary participation, were the conditions for entering the research. According to other studies, exclusion criteria include history of any previous injury in the shoulder and neck, having pain in the shoulder girdle and back, having surgery in the spine and neck, history of injury or trauma to the neck area, observing pathological symptoms related to the fractures history, joint diseases of the spine, having regular weekly sports activities, championship history and membership in sports teams, as well as not completing the training program. After identifying the participants, the examiner explained the purpose of the study, the way of doing exercises, and he purpose of doing the corrective exercises to them.
3. Results
According to the results of table 1, Bonferroni's post hoc test shows a significant difference in forward head angle and pain intensity between the groups of the NASM-control approach and the Sahrman-control approach in the post-test; While the NASM approach - Sahrman approach does not show a significant difference between the groups.
4. Conclusion
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises based on the NASM and Sahrman approaches on forward head posture and neck pain in mobile phone users in young men of Tabriz city. The results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the effect of NASM exercises and those of Sahrman on forward head posture in people with forward head posture after 8 weeks of exercises. However, a significant effect was observed in two training groups in forward head posture. But there was no significant effect on forward head posture in the control group. Also, the results of the research after 3 months of the follow-up period showed that the retention rate of both types of training is significant and no significant difference was observed between the two training groups in the amount of changes in forward head posture after 3 months of non-training. It indicates that the retention rate of both training groups is high and both training groups have a long-term effect on head-forward posture and it does not make a difference which exercises are applied. Also, the results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the effect of NASM exercises and those of Sahrman on pain in people with forward head posture after 8 weeks of exercises, but a significant effect on pain was observed in two exercise groups; while there was no significant effect on pain in the control group. Also, the results of the research after 3 months of the follow-up period showed that the retention rate of both types of exercise is significant and no significant difference in the amount of changes in pain after 3 months of non-exercise was observed between the two exercise groups. It indicates that the durability of both training groups is high and both training groups have a long-term effect on pain and it does not matter which exercises are applied. The result of the research comparing two NASM training programs and Sahrman exercises on forward head posture and pain in people with forward head posture showed that both training programs had a positive effect on forward head posture and pain in these people; however, there was no significant difference between the two training groups in terms of the effect. Also, the results of the research showed that after 3 months of the follow-up period, the effectiveness of the exercises was still significant and no significant difference was observed between the two exercise groups. The results showed that the durability of both exercise programs is long and the same. Therefore, the use of each of these exercises is recommended to improve forward head posture and pain in people with forward head posture abnormalities. There is no difference between the two exercise groups.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
There were no ethical considerations to be considered in this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.
Authors' contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect and durability of 8 weeks of corrective exercises based on the NASM and Sahrman approaches on forward head posture and neck pain in mobile phone users in young men of Tabriz city. The results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the effect of NASM exercises and those of Sahrman on forward head posture in people with forward head posture after 8 weeks of exercises. However, a significant effect was observed in two training groups in forward head posture. But there was no significant effect on forward head posture in the control group. Also, the results of the research after 3 months of the follow-up period showed that the retention rate of both types of training is significant and no significant difference was observed between the two training groups in the amount of changes in forward head posture after 3 months of non-training. It indicates that the retention rate of both training groups is high and both training groups have a long-term effect on head-forward posture and it does not make a difference which exercises are applied. Also, the results of the present study showed that there is no significant difference between the effect of NASM exercises and those of Sahrman on pain in people with forward head posture after 8 weeks of exercises, but a significant effect on pain was observed in two exercise groups; while there was no significant effect on pain in the control group. Also, the results of the research after 3 months of the follow-up period showed that the retention rate of both types of exercise is significant and no significant difference in the amount of changes in pain after 3 months of non-exercise was observed between the two exercise groups. It indicates that the durability of both training groups is high and both training groups have a long-term effect on pain and it does not matter which exercises are applied. The result of the research comparing two NASM training programs and Sahrman exercises on forward head posture and pain in people with forward head posture showed that both training programs had a positive effect on forward head posture and pain in these people; however, there was no significant difference between the two training groups in terms of the effect. Also, the results of the research showed that after 3 months of the follow-up period, the effectiveness of the exercises was still significant and no significant difference was observed between the two exercise groups. The results showed that the durability of both exercise programs is long and the same. Therefore, the use of each of these exercises is recommended to improve forward head posture and pain in people with forward head posture abnormalities. There is no difference between the two exercise groups.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
There were no ethical considerations to be considered in this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.
Authors' contributions
All authors equally contributed to preparing article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2022/07/14 | Accepted: 2022/09/4 | Published: 2022/09/22
Received: 2022/07/14 | Accepted: 2022/09/4 | Published: 2022/09/22
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