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Ghasemzadeh Beydokhty Y, Fatahi A. Impacts of New Communication Technologies on Skeletal Abnormalities in Children's Upper Limbs: A Review. J Sport Biomech 2024; 10 (1) :36-52
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-326-en.html

Objective This research aims to investigate the issues arising from prolonged usage of modern electronic technologies by reviewing relevant literature. Specifically, we examine the impact of mobile phones, tablets, and computers on postural control and skeletal abnormalities among children.
Methods Articles were selected based on the research objective by conducting a thorough review of specialized biomechanics databases and considering input and output indicators.
Results The investigation revealed that modern electronic technologies, particularly among children aged 6 to 11 years, can contribute to various skeletal and muscular abnormalities in the upper limbs (e.g., rounded shoulders). Body postures adopted while using these technologies (e.g., sitting, lying down), as well as the use of one-handed versus two-handed postures, significantly affect pressure distribution and muscle and skeletal health. Other notable issues include vision problems, adaptability challenges during childhood, and psychological and social implications.
Conclusion The review of studies underscores the potential adverse effects of prolonged usage of modern electronic technologies, particularly among elementary school children. With the rise of virtual education in recent years, these technologies have become increasingly prevalent and may contribute to significant limb abnormalities and associated problems. Vision impairments due to prolonged screen time, as well as psychological, social, and adaptational challenges, add further pressure on children.