Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2026)                   J Sport Biomech 2026, 12(2): 242-263 | Back to browse issues page

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Sabouri L, Rajani F, Piri E. Effects of Training Interventions on Walking and Running Mechanics in Individuals with Pronated Feet: A Systematic Review. J Sport Biomech 2026; 12 (2) :242-263
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-376-en.html
Effects of Training Interventions on Walking and Running Mechanics in Individuals with Pronated Feet: A Systematic Review
Leila Sabouri1 , Fateme Rajani1 , Ebrahim Piri *2
1- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Abstract:   (30 Views)
Objective Foot pronation is a common biomechanical condition characterized by excessive inward rotation of the foot during walking or running. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of training and rehabilitation interventions on walking and running mechanics in individuals with pronated feet.
Methods This study followed a systematic review design. Relevant articles published between January 2018 and March 2025 were identified through searches of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, the Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC). Keywords included pronated foot, exercise training, orthotics, shoes, walking, and running. Original research studies and clinical trials that investigated biomechanical outcomes were included.
Results Out of 82 initially identified studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 10 studies on walking and 11 on running. Walking-related studies showed that targeted exercise programs and specific training environments increased muscle activity and improved foot and ankle mechanics in individuals with pronated feet, while orthotic interventions reduced excessive foot rotation and optimized plantar force distribution. Running-related studies indicated that orthoses and motion-control footwear improved biomechanical efficiency by enhancing muscle activation, reducing ankle dorsiflexion, lowering vertical loading rates, and improving load distribution. Overall, both exercise-based and supportive interventions improved walking and running mechanics and may reduce injury risk by limiting excessive pronation.
Conclusion The findings indicate that targeted exercise programs, orthotics, footwear, and insoles can meaningfully improve biomechanical performance and reduce injury risk in individuals with pronated feet during walking and running. However, intervention type and training intensity should be individualized based on functional demands and activity type.
Keywords: Pronated foot, Rehabilitation exercises, Orthotics, Walking, Running
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Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2025/04/23 | Accepted: 2025/12/22 | Published: 2025/12/24
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