Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2026)
J Sport Biomech 2026, 12(1): 2-18 |
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Farrokhi Parashkoh M, Amirseyfaddini M, Naderi S. Effects of Fatigue on Lower-Limb Coordination and Its Variability During Running in Semi-Professional Soccer Players. J Sport Biomech 2026; 12 (1) :2-18
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html
1- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Abstract: (36 Views)
Objective The incidence of sports injuries has risen significantly. Fatigue, recognized as an influential risk factor, has recently garnered considerable attention. Given the importance of sports-related injuries and athletes’ well-being, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on lower-limb coordination and coordination variability during running in semi-professional soccer players.
Methods Sixteen semi-professional male soccer players from Kerman City were randomly recruited. Participants completed treadmill running trials at a constant speed of 10.8 km/h, both before and after a fatigue protocol. Three-dimensional kinematic data were recorded using a six-camera motion analysis system operating at a sampling frequency of 230 Hz. The Koblauch–Baur protocol was used to induce fatigue. Continuous relative phase (CRP) analysis was performed using MATLAB R2022a to quantify coordination and coordination variability. CRP values were calculated for six couplings: hip–knee, knee–ankle, hip–ankle, left hip–right hip, left knee–right knee, and left ankle–right ankle. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-fatigue measures.
Results The paired t-tests revealed no significant differences in coordination or coordination variability between pre- and post-fatigue conditions across most couplings (p > 0.05). However, significant changes in coordination were observed for the hip–ankle, left knee–right knee, and left ankle–right ankle couplings following fatigue. Additionally, coordination variability differed significantly for the hip–knee coupling after fatigue (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Fatigue affected the continuous relative phase of some lower-limb couplings, reducing coordination variability in certain cases. Although other couplings exhibited post-fatigue changes, these were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that fatigue exerts only a limited influence on lower-limb coordination and its variability in semi-professional soccer players.
Methods Sixteen semi-professional male soccer players from Kerman City were randomly recruited. Participants completed treadmill running trials at a constant speed of 10.8 km/h, both before and after a fatigue protocol. Three-dimensional kinematic data were recorded using a six-camera motion analysis system operating at a sampling frequency of 230 Hz. The Koblauch–Baur protocol was used to induce fatigue. Continuous relative phase (CRP) analysis was performed using MATLAB R2022a to quantify coordination and coordination variability. CRP values were calculated for six couplings: hip–knee, knee–ankle, hip–ankle, left hip–right hip, left knee–right knee, and left ankle–right ankle. Paired-samples t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-fatigue measures.
Results The paired t-tests revealed no significant differences in coordination or coordination variability between pre- and post-fatigue conditions across most couplings (p > 0.05). However, significant changes in coordination were observed for the hip–ankle, left knee–right knee, and left ankle–right ankle couplings following fatigue. Additionally, coordination variability differed significantly for the hip–knee coupling after fatigue (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Fatigue affected the continuous relative phase of some lower-limb couplings, reducing coordination variability in certain cases. Although other couplings exhibited post-fatigue changes, these were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that fatigue exerts only a limited influence on lower-limb coordination and its variability in semi-professional soccer players.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/05/30 | Accepted: 2025/10/20 | Published: 2025/10/20
Received: 2025/05/30 | Accepted: 2025/10/20 | Published: 2025/10/20
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