1.    Introduction
Understanding sports biomechanics, both for enhancing performance and preventing injuries, holds significant promise for football players. Biomechanics experts delve into the effects of exercises and various training tools, assessing kinetics and kinematics, to optimize player performance. Football's intricate kicks are a focal point of biomechanical analysis, driving improvements in player performance. Given the perpetual quest for better quality football, this systematic review aims to explore the utilization and impact of training tools and specialized exercises on enhancing football player performance, drawing insights from football biomechanics studies.
2.    Methods
Following the Preferred Reporting Method Guidelines for Systematic Reviews, this study employed a comprehensive search strategy across Persian and English databases including Google Scholar, Magiran, Civilica, Irandoc, SID, ISC, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords such as biomechanics, football, and performance improvement, along with their synonyms, were employed in both languages. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing football biomechanics and performance enhancement through specific exercises and training tools, while exclusion criteria filtered out studies unrelated to these themes. Ultimately, 87 articles were scrutinized, considering their content against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with duplicates removed.
3.    Results
The application of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a final selection of 87 articles, categorized into three main areas: 1) the role of training tools in enhancing soccer player performance, 2) specialized exercises recommended for football coaches and biomechanics experts, and 3) analysis of results and insights from various studies in football performance enhancement. These findings shed light on effective strategies for improving football performance.

Table 1. Soccer biomechanics and performance improvement in 3 areas of instruments, exercises and results and analyzes (in brief)

Researchers	Title	Sample	Test instrument- interventionist	Variables	Results
Zeiai et al. 2019 (10)	The effects of plyometric and theraband exercises on the sense of depth and ankle strength of teenage soccer players	30 teenage soccer players in 2 plyometric groups, 15 people (age 12.87 years) and 15 people (age 13.40 years)	Goniometer (to restore the angle of 15 degrees of ankle inversion and eversion) __ dynamometer 8 weeks of training with stretch band with 3 degrees of difficulty and plyometric exercises	The strength of dorsi and plantar flexion muscles - assessment of proprioception of ankle inversion and eversion	Intra-group: In both groups, the reconstruction error decreased by 15 degrees and the strength of ankle dorsi and flexor muscles increased. Inter-group: There was no significant difference between the use of elastic bands and plyometric exercises.
Deldar et al. 2022 (13)	The effect of six weeks of resistance training with Kash Traband on the performance indicators of young soccer players	16 football players working in the leagues of Tehran province in two groups, Traband and Control	Dynamometer, Romberg test, Wells test (sitting and reaching hands), 6 weeks of training	Hamstring muscle strength, players' balance, flexibility	Traband stretchers improved the level of flexibility and strength of hamstring muscles in adult soccer players, but did not have a significant effect on the balance of these players.
Monazami et al. 2018 (17)	Acute effect of static, ballistic and PNF stretching on vertical jump, agility and sprint performance in young football players	30 young football players with an average age (18.36 ± 1.62 years)	Sargent's vertical jump test, Balsam's agility test and 50 meters sprint	Vertical jump, agility and sprinting	Ballistic stretching has a better effect than other stretching methods during warm-up. Static stretching and PNF can be used in short periods of time.
Ghasemi et al. 2017 (18)	Examining the kinematic changes of the knee joint during single-leg landing after 8 weeks of 11+ exercises in young male football players	24 young male soccer players in 2 experimental and control groups	8 weeks of 11+ exercises Motion capture Simi motion software	Initial flexion angle, knee valgus angle, knee internal rotation angle	It is possible that the FIFA 11+ training program can have a positive impact on modifying the risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament damage.
Daneshjoo et al. 2019 (28)	Comparison of kinematic parameters of knee joint during landing in different minutes of football game	Number of 15 young players of Sanat Mes Kerman Club with 17.55 years old	Bangzio fatigue protocol, 3 Sony cameras and Kinovia software	Average knee flexion angle, knee valgus angle	The knee flexion process takes an upward path during the football game. In the first minutes of each half, the lowest amount of knee flexion occurs during landing, which is when the possibility of ACL damage is higher.

4.    Conclusion
Various training tools play pivotal roles in enhancing football player performance. Exercises like Traband stretches and plyometrics significantly enhance proprioception and ankle joint muscle strength, fostering dynamic and functional ankle stability while reducing joint pressure. Squat exercises, targeting muscles around the knee joint, such as the vastus medialis and lateralis, contribute to improved stability and performance. Additionally, the FIFA +11 program is noted for its significant impact on various aspects of player performance. Optimal biomechanical responses are observed when players execute five consecutive shots during training, beyond which fatigue may compromise joint coordination. Furthermore, small-pitch games facilitate the development of technical skills and increase ball possession rates among players.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
There were no ethical considerations to be addressed in this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.
Authors' contributions
All authors contributed equally to preparing the article.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.