Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2027)
J Sport Biomech 2027, 12(4): 690-708 |
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Barghamadi M, Barzehgarfar L, Piri E, Barghamadi S. Effect of Using Carbon Shoes on Ground Reaction Forces Components in Runners with Pronated Feet During Walking. J Sport Biomech 2027; 12 (4) :690-708
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-534-en.html
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-534-en.html
1- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (45 Views)
Objective Carbon-plated footwear may alter the mechanical interaction between the foot and ground. However, its biomechanical effects in runners with pronated feet during walking remain unclear. This study aimed to compare ground reaction force (GRF) components during walking between carbon-plated and conventional footwear in runners with pronated feet.
Methods This quasi-experimental laboratory study included 30 runners with pronated feet who were randomly assigned to carbon-plated (n=15) and conventional footwear (n=15) groups. Kinetic data were recorded using a Bertec force plate at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz and normalized to body weight. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare the two groups at a significance level of P<0.05. Cohen’s d was calculated as an effect size.
Results During the loading response phase, medial-lateral peak force (P=0.04, d=1.16) and the anterior-posterior force (P=0.01, d=0.99) differed significantly between groups, with a smaller absolute braking force in the carbon-plated group. The time to peak anterior-posterior force was also longer in the carbon-plated group (P=0.02, d=0.872). During push-off, vertical force (P=0.02, d=0.906), time to peak anterior-posterior force (P=0.009, d=1.027), and time to peak vertical force (P=0.006, d=1.098) were significantly greater in the carbon-plated group.
Conclusion Carbon-plated footwear altered selected GRF components and their temporal characteristics during walking in runners with pronated feet, indicating differences in the magnitude and timing of force transmission during the stance phase.
Methods This quasi-experimental laboratory study included 30 runners with pronated feet who were randomly assigned to carbon-plated (n=15) and conventional footwear (n=15) groups. Kinetic data were recorded using a Bertec force plate at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz and normalized to body weight. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare the two groups at a significance level of P<0.05. Cohen’s d was calculated as an effect size.
Results During the loading response phase, medial-lateral peak force (P=0.04, d=1.16) and the anterior-posterior force (P=0.01, d=0.99) differed significantly between groups, with a smaller absolute braking force in the carbon-plated group. The time to peak anterior-posterior force was also longer in the carbon-plated group (P=0.02, d=0.872). During push-off, vertical force (P=0.02, d=0.906), time to peak anterior-posterior force (P=0.009, d=1.027), and time to peak vertical force (P=0.006, d=1.098) were significantly greater in the carbon-plated group.
Conclusion Carbon-plated footwear altered selected GRF components and their temporal characteristics during walking in runners with pronated feet, indicating differences in the magnitude and timing of force transmission during the stance phase.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/06/30 | Accepted: 2026/10/1 | Published: 2026/10/10
Received: 2026/06/30 | Accepted: 2026/10/1 | Published: 2026/10/10
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